Type 2 Diabetes
A chronic condition affecting how the body processes blood sugar (glucose).
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. This leads to elevated blood sugar levels. It is the most common form of diabetes and is strongly linked to obesity and lifestyle factors.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, and frequent infections. Many people have type 2 diabetes for years without knowing it.
Management
Management includes blood sugar monitoring, a balanced diet low in refined sugars, regular physical activity, and medication. Metformin is usually the first-line treatment. Some patients may need insulin injections as the condition progresses.
SA Context
Diabetes prevalence in South Africa is rising sharply, driven by urbanisation and changing diets. The Department of Health provides free chronic medication including metformin and insulin at public facilities.