The HPV vaccine in South Africa – who gets it and why

Human papillomavirus is a very common infection passed on by skin-to-skin sexual contact. Most infections clear by themselves. A few high-risk types persist, and over many years those can cause cervical cancer, as well as some cancers of the anus, penis, vulva, vagina and throat. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among South African women, and it is largely preventable.

• The National Department of Health runs a school-based HPV vaccination programme through public schools, at no cost.
• Vaccination requires a signed parent or guardian consent form, which is sent home before the team visits.
• Children who miss the school round can usually be vaccinated at a public clinic — ask at your nearest facility.
• The vaccine is also available privately for other age groups; a clinician or pharmacist can advise on who benefits.

• HPV vaccines have been given to many millions of people worldwide and are among the most closely monitored vaccines in use.
• The usual effects are a sore arm, sometimes redness or swelling, occasionally a mild headache or a low fever for a day.
• Fainting can happen after any injection in adolescents, which is why they are asked to sit for a short while afterwards.
• Serious allergic reactions are very rare and the vaccinating team is equipped for them.

The vaccine covers the types that cause most cervical cancers, not all of them, so cervical screening remains part of routine care for women whether or not they were vaccinated. Public-sector cervical screening is available free of charge, and the schedule depends on age and HIV status — ask at your clinic what applies to you.