Sunburn treatment – safer first steps in South Africa
What to do for sunburn, how to protect damaged skin and which signs mean a child or adult needs medical assessment.
Cool the skin and stop more exposure
Sunburn is a skin injury caused by ultraviolet radiation. Move out of the sun, cool the skin gently, drink fluids and keep the area protected while it heals. Do not use a worse burn as a reason to keep exposing the skin or to break blisters.
Safer home care
- Use a cool shower or clean cool compress; avoid ice directly on the skin.
- Apply a plain moisturiser if it is comfortable and does not irritate.
- Leave blisters intact and cover fragile skin loosely.
- Use shade, clothing and broad-spectrum sunscreen after the skin has healed enough for exposure.
Children, older adults and people with extensive burns can become dehydrated or unwell more quickly. Medicines that increase sun sensitivity also need a pharmacist review.
Prevent the next burn
- Plan shade and avoid the strongest midday UV when possible.
- Use closely woven clothing, a wide-brimmed hat and UV-protective sunglasses.
- Apply sunscreen to exposed skin and reapply as directed.
- Check the skin for burns before deciding to stay outside longer.
Large or severe burns need medical care
Common questions
- What is the best treatment for sunburn?
- Stop sun exposure, cool the skin gently, drink fluids, protect blisters and use simple moisturising care if comfortable. Severe or extensive burns need medical advice.
- Should I pop a sunburn blister?
- No. Leave blisters intact and seek advice if they are extensive, very painful, infected-looking or accompanied by fever or feeling unwell.
Sources
- Cancer screening and prevention information for South AfricaCancer Association of South Africa (CANSA)
- Clinical and public health guidanceWorld Health Organization
- Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines ListNational Department of Health, South Africa
Last reviewed 26 August 2026.